Developing yourself Essay Example for Free

Creating yourself Essay Discoveries: The CIPD calling map is a device used to help the calling all in all to create items and administrations, yet it additionally quickens the expert advancement of people. The guide was made and is utilized by people and associations; it’s a crucial asset in the event that you are working or associated in the HR calling. Whatever segment or potentially size of an association the expert guide is an incredible assistance, regardless of whether you are a master or generalist in ability, reward, learning improvement, representative relations and commitment. There are three key segments to the guide, which are: proficient territories, practices and groups and advances. The center proficient regions show how a HR expert should think and take a gander at undertakings, at that point how to impact the important representatives to the best result. There are then eight further regions encompassing the expert regions and when they are totally joined, make the job of an extraordinary hr worker. Every zone is basic to any business. The eight regions are: administration conveyance and data, association structure, association improvement, resourcing and ability arranging, learning and advancement, execution and prize, worker commitment, representative relations and administration conveyance and data. When proficient HR regions are secured, practices are the following crucial key to turning into a viable HR proficient. There are eight practices and they require a representative to be a solid character that shows others how its done and is sure while instructing and affecting all levels with respect to staff from section to elevated level. Every conduct is separated into four groups of expert fitness. Every conduct additionally records various contra markers which represent negative conduct. Remark on the exercises and information indicated inside any 1 expert region, at either band one or band two distinguish those you consider generally basic to your own or other recognized hr job. End: A HR expert ought to guarantee the administrations they give are opportune and viable. Various clients have various requirements in a HR job and you have to organize clashing necessities. Appeared beneath are changed clients toâ a HR practioner and instances of what needs they may have. Directors seek HR for sound business counsel on the best way to survey, break down and address individuals issues. They expect the HR administrations to be ideal and exact. Administrators anticipate that HR should be accessible dependent upon the situation to help fathom individuals issues. They expect, and much of the time request, assist deciphering with companying approaches, speeding up work force matters and planning or finishing desk work. In particular, managers hope to gain from their communications with HR with the end goal for them to come back to their work unit and handle faculty matters. Partners look to HR to give, clarify or affirm data about organization arrangements and systems. They anticipate that HR should be a sympathetic ear to their interests and to assist them with taking care of business related issues. They anticipate that HR should envision issues and to give sound proposals to the executives. To the candidate, HR are the organization. Candidates anticipate precise data about business openings, reasonable thought of their capabilities and affable treatment. A case of how you would organize clashing requirements is demonstrated as follows: When in a HR job a chief may require a report before the day's over finishing, an administrator may require you to sort a contention between two individuals from staff and an individual from staff might be managing deprivation and is disturbed. You would then compose how and who or what errand is the need and organize how it will all be managed or finished. In this circumstance I would assign the report to another individual from staff, I would then mastermind an opportunity to address the issues between the two clashing individuals from staff then I would then arrangement with the individual from staff with mourning as I would consider them to be the most elevated need. At that point all issues and errands ought to be finished/settled before the day's over. This shows how you have a compassionate ear to concerns, you are taking care of business related issues and you are finishing undertakings under a period scale with association and assignment. Specialized techniques: Representative correspondence is about the HR parts of correspondence from the board to workers and obviously representatives to the board. The main viewpoint is descending correspondence this is the place the executives impart to workers the subsequent perspective is upward correspondence and this is whenâ employees convey to the board. Supervisors need to speak with representatives all the time that they are busy working it is outlandish not to, abundant correspondence with employee’s has been demonstrated to be connected to acceptable organization execution. Correspondence could be formal or casual. Littler company’s frequently depend on casual techniques and have barely any proper strategies for correspondence with representatives. Now and again they like to empower get-togethers for advancing shared correspondence. Appeared beneath are a few instances of correspondence: Descending correspondence: Upward correspondence: Workforce briefings for all or part of the workforce on key issues Representative demeanor overviews Quality circles, standard gathering with all or part of the workforce Recommendation plans Evaluation interviews Representative discussions Bulletins, electronic roundabout and dvds Venture groups With correspondence you can go over issues these are: Subject What is imparted is the most significant issue. HR can make an impression on workers just on subjects which they decide to speak with them. For instance, certain data may not be given to specific representatives in light of the fact that the association might not have any desire to unveil this data. Quality You would prefer not to give an excess of data as representatives may have issues processing it. You have to ensure the nature of correspondence is high. Profundity The profundity of the data must be fit for reason for instance it might be excessively definite and mistaking for the individuals what it's identity is focused on as it might have at first been intended for an administration round, re-worked marginally and the circled to low maintenance laborers. Openness Workers should feel that they are being tuned in to; they may voice theirâ ideas however feel that they are not tuned in to, and this would then make a negative impact among them and really demotivating them. Activity on their perspectives might possibly be viewed as a smart thought, however representatives should then get input on their perspectives. Consistency Representatives figure out how to believe the correspondence on the off chance that it is ordinary and discloses to them significant data. Normal correspondence implies it is more uncertain gossipy tidbits which are inaccurate flow in working environments. A parity must be made between giving individuals data so consistently that they are overwhelmed with it, and too rarely so vulnerability emerges. Timing Data might be discharged when spilled data has arrived at representatives as talk and it might then be treated with scorn. Data might be discharged too soon or past the point of no return. A genuine case of this is excess data. Workers themselves are delicate when they read about their own repetition in the paper or see it on the news. You ought to advise workers regarding this data at the applicable time so they discover from you first. In the HR job you are probably going to have a significant job in building chiefs presentational and relational abilities, since operational administrators are regularly delegated principally for different aptitudes that they have, they may require help in building up their relational aptitudes. HR experts have individuals issues at the cutting edge of their brains, they may exhort on where and when touchy gatherings, for example, evaluations or disciplinary gatherings may be best held. HR experts can go about as counsels to individual operational administrators on the best way to impart to representatives on issues, for example, their annuity or lawful rights, or on the other hand discuss legitimately with the individual employee’s on such subjects. These issues are of imperative significance to representatives, for whom zones like annuities and support agreement are focal issues. Getting correspondence directly in these zones is therefor likewise at the focal point of HR proficient occupations. HR experts some of the time need to prompt both senior and operational chiefs on employee’s emotions on various subjects. It is typically the HR experts who are approached to run or if nothing else source and regulate worker mentality reviews, gatherings and so on somewhat they may likewise attempt to go about as representative promoters so as to keep up representative duty and inspiration. HR has a key task to carry out in improvingâ communication including by giving preparing and instructing to different chiefs and laborers which can improve their casual and formal correspondence. Compelling Service conveyance is an essential key in a HR job appeared underneath are the key purposes of how to accomplish it to an exclusive requirement. Conveying administration on schedule: Conveying administration on a tight spending plan: Managing troublesome clients, Handling and settling protests: When managing troublesome clients that may have an objection or issue there are sure approaches to manage the circumstance with the goal that it doesn't heighten and gets settled. Right off the bat you have to recognize the objection and get whatever number realities together as would be prudent. You generally need to tune in and relate explaining that you both comprehend. At that point you would log the protest and explore why, who, how and what proof. When that is accomplished I think it is ideal to recognize a ultimate objective so there is something to focus on and the issue should then be settled. When attempting to determine the circumstance consistently keep the complainant refreshed with any advancement and furthermore ensure you are following the company’s strategy and attempt and hold it to the littlest time period. Once the situati

The Secret of Ella and Micha Chapter 6 Free Essays

string(19) she takes a seat. Micha The agony in her eyes about executes me. On the off chance that it were conceivable, I’d return in time and prevent her from descending that tree that God dreadful night. Possibly at that point, I’d still have my closest companion. We will compose a custom paper test on The Secret of Ella and Micha Chapter 6 or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now I choose to make an inconsistent stop to attempt to get Ella out of her own head. I leave the vehicle in an open space before the little café situated in the core of town, between the Stop n’ Shop and Bubba’s Sports Barn. I shut off the motor and stand by quietly for her to chide me. Her face blushes as she takes in where we seem to be. â€Å"Micha, I’m truly not in the temperament for this at the present time. I have activities thus does Lila.† â€Å"Come on, you haven’t seen me play in ages,† I cajole, utilizing my best alluring voice. â€Å"I’ll simply do one melody. In and out and we’re done.† â€Å"Sounds cool to me,† Lila says from the rearward sitting arrangement, at long last loosening up a little now that we’re far away from Grady’s trailer. â€Å"I love hearing groups and lead artists are consistently sexy.† â€Å"Micha plays the guitar and sings by himself,† Ella says with a glint of possessiveness in her eyes. â€Å"He’s not a lead artist. He’s a solo singer.† â€Å"It’s no different to me.† Lila taps Ella’s head and in a manner I think she’s making a private joke with her. â€Å"Band or not, a person who can sing and play is hot.† I smile magnetically and slant over the reassure. â€Å"Come on, lovely girl.† I wind a strand of her hair around my finger. â€Å"You realize you need to come in and watch me be all hot and hot, singing up on the stage. You know you’ve missed it.† Her eyes slender at me as she retaliates a grin. â€Å"You realize that voice doesn’t chip away at me. I’ve seen you use it too often on such a large number of girls.† â€Å"I haven’t utilized it on a young lady since you left.† I let reality drop out. I used to travel every which way however i see fit whoever I needed, yet once things began to change with our kinship, it turned out to be clear the void I was attempting to fill was in her. â€Å"And I don’t need to utilize it on anybody †â€Å" She disguises her hand over my mouth. â€Å"I’ll go in with you, however just on the off chance that you quit discussing stuff that makes me uncomfortable.† â€Å"Wait. Shouldn't something be said about my car?† Lila hurries forward and fixes her hair utilizing the rearview reflect. â€Å"It’s getting late. Won’t the shop be shut soon?† I move Ella’s hand away from my lips and lace her fingers with mine. â€Å"We’ll make it back in time. I promise.† Ella dithers, gazing at the café like she’s a mouse going to stroll into a lion’s cave. I press her hand. â€Å"Come on, let’s go in. You’ll be okay.† She takes a gander at our hands, and afterward her look lifts, giving a transient look at my lips before settling on my eyes. â€Å"Is everybody despite everything hanging out here?† â€Å"Kelly and Mike do and Renee and Ethan,† I state. â€Å"Grantford doesn’t truly come around here any longer, though.† Her full lips twist to a smile. â€Å"Because you punched him in the face.† â€Å"That may be a piece of it.† I return her grin and let go of her hand to move out of the vehicle. It feels like I may be getting some place with her. She bounces out and extends, angling her back and standing out her chest. It makes me need to rip off her shirt, pull her in the rearward sitting arrangement, and get things done to her I’ve never finished with anybody I’ve thought about previously. â€Å"What are you looking at?† She pulls the base of her tank top back over her stomach. She truly has no clue about how wonderful she is. She never has. Indeed, even back in her punk/goth bother, she shook the look. I shake my head, incapable to take my eyes off her. â€Å"Nothing. Just thinkin’.† She hammers the entryway and we head over the pressed parking garage. I lay my hand on her lower back, however she squirms away and avoids around Lila, putting her between us. I glare. Perhaps I’m not working out quite as well as I suspected. Ella On the off chance that he continues taking a gander at me that way, my restriction is going to dissolve into a puddle of hot, hot fluid. Micha has the most penetrating eyes on the planet, water blue, similar to the ocean, waved with equivalent force. He’s coy with me, which he used to do flippantly constantly, and I’d cooperate. Be that as it may, this is distinctive in some way or another, progressively extraordinary and genuine. It’s like he’s tossing his heart away from any confining influence, which isn’t how he used to be. In any event with me. Aside from the day I left. The café is confined with individuals, in any event, for a Saturday evening. Each corner and table is involved and there’s a person with floppy earthy colored hair playing the console in front of an audience, his voice a little off-key. The baristas are buckling down on the long queue that stretches out right to the entryway and in the corner, individuals are dealing with their workstations. â€Å"Where are we going to sit?† Lila checks the room. â€Å"There’s no void tables.† Micha spots Ethan and Renee at a corner table and waves at them. â€Å"Seat circumstance solved,† he says, grasping my hand and driving the best approach to them. Renee is a short young lady that wears overwhelming eyeliner and has dull red hair. Her hazel eyes zone in on Micha’s hand went head to head with mine. I endeavor to pull my hand away, yet Micha reinforces his grip. â€Å"Hey, Ella.† She fakes a grin with her dull red lips. â€Å"What ya been up to?† â€Å"Nothing much,† I keep it straightforward, on the grounds that basic is in every case better with Renee. â€Å"And so we meet again.† Ethan flashes a dimpled smile at Lila and pulls out a seat for her. â€Å"You chose to stay here for a while.† Lila gazes toward him as she sits down. You read The Secret of Ella and Micha Chapter 6 in class Exposition models â€Å"Thank you. I sort of needed to since my vehicle was destroyed last night.† Micha drops down in the last unfilled seat at the table and begins to pull me down to sit on his lap. My eyes clear the room looking for an additional seat, however it’s so pressed that individuals need to remain close to the dividers. â€Å"I don’t nibble, Ella May.† There is a test in Micha’s eyes. â€Å"Unless you ask me to.† Everybody at the table is watching me. Not having any desire to cause a ruckus, I sink down on his lap. Ethan targets Micha with a dazed look, which Micha disregards and takes a scone out of a bushel in the table. He pops it into his mouth. â€Å"So what time’s Open Mic?† Ethan’s dull eyebrows plunge together. â€Å"Why? Is it accurate to say that you are reconsidering playing? Cause’ everything I can say is it’s about freakin’ time.† â€Å"What do you mean again?† I ask, getting a scone myself. â€Å"Why hasn’t he been playing?† Ethan pushes up the sleeves of his shirt, folds his arms on the table, and coordinates Micha with their mystery code look I have always been unable to split. I rotate my body to take a gander at Micha, yet in a split second think twice about it. His eyes are excessively serious and I’m tossed in a strange spot for a second. â€Å"You halted playing?† I ask him. â€Å"Why would you do that? Isn’t it your fantasy still?† He shrugs, winding his arms around my abdomen. â€Å"It’s not the equivalent without you here viewing me.† â€Å"There were times I didn’t watch you play.† I put my hands on his shoulders. â€Å"Even when I lived here.† He shakes his head and wisps of his light hair fall over his temple. â€Å"That’s false. You never missed one.† I recall, knowing he’s right. â€Å"I don’t need you to quit carrying on with your life in light of the fact that I’m not here anymore.† â€Å"And I don’t need you to be anyplace however here.† He presses my hip and I instinctually seize the shivering warmth that spirals down between my legs. â€Å"What would i be able to get you?† The server intrudes on us. We as a whole perused off what we need, and the server gets especially giggly when she records Micha’s request, despite the fact that I’m sitting on his lap. Her name is Kenzie and I’ve never preferred her. She used to help Stacy Harris torment this young lady we went to class with, who was in a wheelchair. I calmly recline against Micha’s chest, as though I’m doing it unintentionally. Nobody appears to see with the exception of the server. Furthermore, Micha. His heart beat accelerates as though the closeness of my body is making him distraught. She scowls and tucks the request book into her cover. â€Å"I’ll be directly back with your drinks.† I sit tight for Micha to get me out, yet he remains calm and keeps his hands on the highest points of my exposed thighs. I know it’s wrong and that he’s not mine. I made that understood the day I bailed, yet I can’t appear to support myself. Since the time we were kids, I generally wanted to get him far from young ladies who aren’t sufficient for him. Old propensities extremist. Micha Ethan is seeing me like I’m a nitwit. Most likely in light of the fact that I’m grinning like a blockhead, yet I can’t help myself. Ella got regional with the server. She’s never done that, not even before she left. â€Å"This band’s interesting,† Lila hollers over the banjo band playing up in front of an audience. â€Å"Is this the sort of music you play?† Ethan, Renee, and I burst out giggling. Indeed, even Ella covers her mouth, making a decent attempt not to giggle. â€Å"No darling, this isn’t what I play.† I swallow my espresso. â€Å"Mines more†¦Ã¢â‚¬

Ozorian

THE DAILY NEWSPAPER OF THE OZORIAN TRIBE ozorafestival. eu NOVEMBER 2012 MONTHLY ONLINE EDITION Lost sculpture discovers route back home Mission complete: Luke Brown’s form is back By mtrxism Last month we needed to disclose to you the heartbreaking news that the sculpture of Luke Brown †one of the best hallucinogenic craftsman alive †had been taken at O. Z. O. R. A. from the Looney Moon Art Gallery.Not long after the paper had come out, we got awesome news from Looney Moon: „Today the Ozorian Prophet has given us back the figure, ‘cause the person that got it from the person who took it previously got in contact with Luke and he’s going to give back the model in the following hardly any days. Folks worked admirably with the article:- ) Thanx a ton really† You are extremely welcome, folks! We share your bliss! New RELEASES CREATING MAGIC The film ‘Magic Garden 2012 @ O. Z. O. R. A. ’ is out Psytrance over all Psychedelic Musical Superiority By ChemicalOver the previous hardly any years an apparently ceaseless discussion about music has been available among the individuals from our locale. The debate as a rule gets from a difference concerning our treatment of melodic styles outside of our very own taste, and all the more significantly, our demeanor towards the supposition and taste of others that goes amiss from our own. Most importantly, what do we think about hallucinogenic? Do we make qualifications between melodic classes as per their „psychedelicness? † How would we treat distinctive subgenres? How would we approach electronic melodic styles other than stupor that have ome hallucinogenic quality? It is safe to say that they are †in a way †subordinate to stupor? Does a pecking order exist as indicated by the accepted „psychedelicness† of classes? Proceeds on page 2 ASTROLOGY DISCUSSION PHOTOS: KRISZTIAN PAMUKI The in excess of a portion of an hour long film about the Oz orian Magic Garden comprises of four sections. The first is a state of mind venture through the Magic Garden, from the entryways to the huge stage. The second and third in no time show the long periods of Art Camp, trailed continuously of building and making. The last section is about a Magic Garden day during the festival.All this in a music video style, spiced with short meeting embeds in which we can hear the nursery manufacturers, creators, the program coordinators, just as Andras Feldmar, Viktor Kubiszyn, and others†¦ Enjoy the enchantment minutes!!! By sue It’s about Music proceeds on page 2 GOA †20 YEARS OF PSYCHEDELIC CULTURE Magic Garden 2012 @ O. Z. O. R. A. Celebration Filmed and altered by: Krisztian Pamuki, Labormedia Workshop Additional recording: Peter Busak, Levente Kolcsey-Gyurko, Daniel Szandtner, Csaba Antal Interviews: Peter Muller, Csaba Mata, Peter Busak, Marton Szuhay, Levente Kolcsey-GyurkoUntil we can accumulate before the colossal speakers of our glorious Ozorian dancefloor again lift your spirits with the best Psytrance in winter time and look at what our specialists have been doing! November 13: Total Solar Eclipse By Peter Antal Forecast October November The foundations of hallucinogenic stupor The hallucinogenic upset never halted. It simply needed to travel most of the way around the globe to an abandoned sea shore toward the finish of a soil street where it was permitted to transform and advance without government or media pressures until another worldview was accomplished: the Goa province of mind.By Goa Gil Edited by Michael McAteer The 1960s in San Francisco, where I grew up, was a one of a kind existence. We all there were encountering something unbelievably new. The vast majority of all, hallucinogenic music had detonated into our cognizance and had transformed us until the end of time. It appeared as if another day break had broken everywhere throughout the world†¦ and if San Francisco was any sign, t he first light was Cosmic. In any case, before the finish of the mid year of 1969, while the Woodstock country was on rural TV sets, the air pocket had blasted, the enchantment had blurred, and something exceptional had been lost.It was during this time huge numbers of us chose to take our stumble out and about. We needed to test our â€Å"headspace† in the terrains which had affected our idea so profoundly. It was the East †and above all India †where our clan by and large headed. Proceeds on page 3 In the coming month, Saturn proceeds with its as of late started section through Scorpio, which will last around 3 years. The points revealed will incorporate cash, sharing assets, giving up, self-revelation and closeness. Thought processes, morals and qualities are and ought to be addressed to rearrange our headings, convictions and purposes.Life expects us to settle on decisions and choices. We have to advance and seek after our profound journey†¦ Continues on pag e 3 2 FASHION NEWS FRESH RELEASES Total Eclipse enlivened excellence It’s about music Continued from 1 E-CLIP’s most up to date single Troublemaker just came out first October on Iono. When a drummer in no-nonsense groups the serbian maker once known as Beyondecliptica certainly welcomed his Full-on vibes along when beginning the new Progressive undertaking. You can anticipate exacting beat, tight rythms and obviously those great Goa tunes to mysteriously control up any daytime dancefloors.To up the rhythm a piece we should not disregard SOUTHWILD who has got his presentation collection discharged likewise this mid year on the UK name Wildthings. The previous individual from amazing Rastaliens venture is into curved Night Full-on vibes with the new performance adventure. Percolating synths, regularly moving basslines and puzzling environments charm on Synthology collection, which additionally incorporates a versus track with Ajja. Hear it out uproarious! Photograph: BA LINT TRUNKO By novishari One of the world’s most renowned hairdressing occasions and rivalries, the 30th Alternative Hair Show was held a week ago in the Royal Albert Hall in London.This year one of our sisters, the double cross Hungarian hairdressing champion, Koczka additionally participated in the occasion. She was an International Visionary Award finalist of the ‘Main Event’ in London. Koczka has remarked the accompanying about her work: „My motivation originates from the first Ozora Festival where a huge number of individuals assembled to observe the complete overshadowing of the sun together. I visualized a lovely, freckled redhead as an image of the world’s magnificence that we can thank to the striking quality of humankind. † Congratulations Koczka, bunches of affection! Conversation Deeply Activating Groove† as the Australian calls his own music is an able expression without a doubt. Having seemed a few times on Sensient’s Zenon Records too MERKABA is currently running his own name where his most recent full-length collection was likewise discharged this mid year. Language of Light is a genuine trippy exchange of sounds where each smidgen of tune wants to be in its precise ideal spot encompassed by mesmerizing impacts and climates. On the off chance that you are a Dark Progressive darling and haven’t looked at this yet, it’s about time. Simply the manner in which you ought to tune in to the new Nano Records beast: an AVALON remix album.The Remixes Volume One came out finish of September with revamps of Avalon’s top firsts made by Tristan, Dickster, Loud and a great deal of others including Lucas from T. I. P. World or Mindfold, the joint endeavor of Materia and Brainiac. sue Psytrance Above All Musical Superiority Within The Psychedelic Cultural Frame What is genuine hallucinogenic? All out, Darkpsy, Progressive, Downtempo, Goa, Twilight, Morning, Psycore, Techno, Techtrance, For est, Zenonesque, Experimental, Deep Trance, Psy Dub, Minimal, Suomi, Classic, Glitch, Ambient †talk about in the online networking â€Let a model remain here of the persistently reemerging, once in a while tolerating, in some cases out and out brutal, yet unquestionably intriguing conversations. An: insignificant isn't psy! B: Sometimes it is†¦ and what is psy is an exceptionally close to home perception†¦ AND this isn't minimal†¦ C: Silly A. Hallucinogenic can be anything truly. Impeccable Stranger is definitely not insignificant. He is a genuine hallucinogenic craftsman. 145bpm with lazer commotions is unquestionably not „psy† either. One of the most hallucinogenic craftsmen at Ozora was really Deadbeat at the chill stage.His stuff is so profound and hallucinogenic, however unquestionably not psytrance. Progressively like insignificant psydub/techno, however way more „psy† than a large portion of the stupor specialists on the principle stage. Be that as it may, it’s all great music and music is constantly emotional. On the off chance that you don’t like the sound of somebody, at that point take a walk, go sleep, go get captured for holding up a sign Whatever. In any case, don’t expect that all the music should sound a similar constantly, particularly when 20,000 others are having a ton of fun on the dancefloor! Source: PHOTO: BOBBY C. ALKABESContinued from 1 It is by all accounts a dubious inquiry, particularly on the off chance that we remember that we are discussing music inside the edge of hallucinogenic subculture, which pretty much includes movement, receptiveness, and radicalism. Is it conceivable that a dumbfounding circumstance, a sort of melodic prevalence has developed in spite of these fundamental ideas that pervades the ideological back ground of the hallucinogenic network? What part of music tosses you into a daze like perspective is up to you and your very own taste.It can be th e quick, redundant drums of darkpsy, the playful, distinctive audio cues of full on, the profound, interminable soundscapes of psybient or even the moderate, profound throb of dynamic psy. You are even prone to append a hallucinogenic quality to some other sort of melodic classification †even to some that are excluded from a line up like that of O. Z. O. R. A. We could even think about how conceivable it is that the audience has a functioning job all the while, that the „psychedelicness† of music (in any event incompletely) relies upon him/her, and it isn't really included or characterized by the sounds music is developed of.This is by all accounts the motivation behind why it is such an abstract perception, and that is the reason the thought of psych

Economic Problems of the 1920s Essay - 2750 Words

Economic Problems of the 1920s (Essay Sample) Content: Economic Problems of the 1920à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬sStudentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Name:Institutional affiliation:Economic Problems of the 1920à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬sThe 1920à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s represented a time of major economic changes, improvements, adjustments, alterations and reforms in everything all over the world. The decade roared in some selected areas but was a big disappointment for others. The periodic time of the 1920à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s earned it its name the "roaring twenties" because the decade sustained prosperity, there were lively cultures and technology was in its advancement stages. The decade marked the distinct flourishing and advancement of mass consumption economy, modern mass production, which raised the bar for the living standards of the middle urban working class as well as delivered remarkable profit margins for investors. But it was not all rosy. Towards the end of the decade, the world suffered the famous à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Great Depressionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬.The great depression was virtuall y a severe and intense worldwide economic downturn which made many people lose their jobs and homes. The great depression first originated from the United States of America and went on to affect many if not all the counties worldwide. The period and time of great depression greatly varied between countries. It first started in the late 1920à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s and ran through the 1930à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s and ended in 1940 right before the start of the Second World War This era virtually devastated everyone; people from all walks of life, the poor and rich and people from all occupations of life. The term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Great Depressionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ was first contrived by Lionel Robinson, a British economist who wrote the book à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Great Depressionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ in 1934. But it was president Hoover who later popularized it in his statement where he quoted "I need not remind all of you that right this moment, our world is going through a period of great depression.The real cause and reason for the happening of great depression still remains an open and disputed debate amongst historians and economists. Sociology theorists are divided into two main categories; Keynesian economists and Classical economists. When theorizing the great depression by the Classical economists, they particularly focus on the decisions of central banking and how it led to an economic bubble and overinvestment, or excess supply of gold. Gold was known to back many of the major currencies at that time. On the other hand, Keynesian economists blame the incompetence of banking and the government as well as overinvestment and under consumption.Many people admit that the events which prompted the great depression were as a result of the stock market crush in 1929. The fateful day of the crash was known to many as the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Black Tuesdayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬. This was the most historic stock market downturn in the history of America. 29th of October 1929 was the fateful day that saw the collapse of t he stock market and the start of an economic slump which persisted for more than a decade. The economic slump came off as a big surprise to many people.During the roaring twenties, the economic standings were great. Thousands and thousands of Americans were borrowing money and purchasing stocks as the economy looked promising. More than 9 billion US dollars was given out in form of loans. This was much more than the total amount of money going round in the whole of America at that time. The market share prices continued to advance and the people kept on purchasing stocks with a hope that their value would increase. This in turn led to an economic bubble.The crash of the market stocks prompted and stirred multiple debates. One of the possible cases of the market stock crash was that the banks were enthusiastic and so they put deposits that were at risk up for sale on the stock market. Other people believed that exploitations by some utility holding companies largely contributed to th e market stock crash. Another raging debate that still raves on till now is whether the crash of the stock market really sparked the great depression. Eminent economists believe that the great depression was inevitable and the crash of the market stock only aggravated the economic cycle. Monetary History of America, (co-written by Milton Friedman and Anna Schwart) states that the depression was not evoked by the crash of the stock market or the negative cycle of businesses but it was aggravated by the rapid downfall of systems of banking during the three panic waves in the early 1930à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s.At the time of the market stock crash, only 16% of Americans had invested in stocks yet everyone felt the brunt of its effects. The reason was simply because many businesses were not in a position to secure enough capital investment funds. This in turn led to financial uncertainty. Job security for many people was not guaranteed because of the financial uncertainty. This led to lowered consu mption which in turn caused closure of businesses, unemployment and bankruptcies. The negative cycle of most businesses triggered a worldwide rush on the gold deposits of America which basically forced the Federal Reserve of America to increase the rates of into the slump. With time, a number large number of money lenders and banks ended up failing. Shortly after the crash, there was an implementation of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"upstick ruleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬. This rule kept the short sellers at bay and prevented them from plunging the stock market down in a flat bear run.The recession in international trade during the beginning of the great depression distinctively stands out as the most shocking in the history of the world trade. Between the years of 1929 and 1932, the world export and import quantities in industrial nations significantly declined. Some of the factors that accounted for this include international exchange rate policies, escalating tariffs, declining demand, an increase in bila teral trade agreements and escalation of nontariff and tariff trade barriers. The US government thought that by erecting barriers of trade they were in turn protecting their economy. Trade barriers were employed to raise revenue, protect industries and to counter balance the barriers that were erected by other countries.Through the struggles emerged two United States government officials; representative Willis C. Hawley and Senator Reed Smoot. They were aggressively lobbying for an act which would raise the tariffs. They were very vocal and believed that the new act would help the economy. In the 1930, the Hawley-Smoot act was passed into bill. This was put to help raise tariffs on imported goods. The acts main objective was to aid workers and farmers of the US against foreign competition. This was done by raising awareness and encouraging the people to buy products made in America by Americans and also increase the import prices. The idea backfired and blew back right on their face s. Some countries such as Britain, Germany, France and Canada went ahead to develop and forge new partners of trade while other countries raised their tariffs. This led to a decrease of US eexports and a relative increase of imports especially from Europe. It also led to a decrease in general world trade.The Hawley-Smoot tariff was a complete failure and disaster.in fact it was one of the contributing factors that led to economic slump. In the year of the passing of Hawley-Smoot act saw the doubling of rates of unemployment. In years to come, the country did its best to prevent the passing of disastrous tariffs like the Hawley-Smoot. To ensure this, such protective acts as General Agreement on Tariffs and the Bretton Woods agreement were passed.By the year 1930, interest rates had tremendously dropped. Despite the drop in interest rates, deflation still happened and it led to individuals and families spending less. Big production companies like producers of automobiles started suffe ring as the purchasing power and prices staggeringly dipped to their lowest. This continued happening even though the wages held steadily. Later on, a deflationary spiral started. This was because production had been decreased and so were the prices. Limited production meant reduced wages and demand which later led to an even further decline in prices.During the great depression, some countries unemployment rates rose to a high of 33%. In the United States of America, the unemployment rate rose to 25%. This was a 607% increase between the years of 1929 and 1932. There was also a 46% drop in industrial production, a 70% drop in foreign trade and a 32% drop in wholesale prices.By 1930 over 10,000 banks had failed with some closing down. At that time, the US lost almost 30% of its GDP while the stock markets took a plunge to a 90% decline. The US government deemed more than 60% of its citizens poor. Many families were stricken by diseases, lived in tents and cardboard boxes and the chi ldren were totally malnourished.Countries from all over the world in a way perceived the accoutrements of the great depression. Countries such as Japan and France were not severely hit as others. To start with, France was a country that was greatly self-reliant and so never had so much to lose on imports and exports. The finance minister of Japan at that time Mr Takahashi Koromiko completely enforced the policies of Keynesian economy. This greatly helped in preventing the negative impact and effects of the great depression on their economy. The finance minister created a large fiscal stimulus which involved devaluing of their currency and deficit spending. By making the changes above, Japan saw itself not being much affected by the great depression and by the year 1933 their economy was running strong.Countries such as South Africa and Australia who completely relied on industrial exports and agriculture really suffered. There came the emergence of a drought known as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å" the ...

Human Imperfection Illustrated in Hawthornes The...

It is hard to say that one is human and perfect at the same time. Human beings are not capable of achieving perfection; if that would be so, humans would stop being humans. By nature the human race is full of flaws, some appearing as early as in the womb. From defects in the body, to defects in the mind, to the mistakes that one makes in quotidian life, it is impossible to deny that human imperfection exists. To try to manipulate humans into perfection is not only impossible, but it takes away the very essence of being a human being. The short story â€Å"The Birthmark† by Nathaniel Hawthorn, illustrates this teaching through the character of Aylmer, an ambitious and devoted scientist who is appalled by his wife Georgiana’s birthmark, believing†¦show more content†¦To say that Hawthorn was completely opposed to this belief system is debatable. Nevertheless, the reader can interpret from â€Å"The Birthmark† a hidden theme that shows what seems to be Hawt horn’s true view of the issue. The symbol that Hawthorn uses is the birthmark on Georgiana’s cheek. Georgiana is perhaps the most beautiful woman ever and appears to be perfect in everyway, except for that tiny birthmark on her left cheek. Georgiana is quite content with her beauty mark. Aylmer however, cannot bear the sight of this slight natural imperfection and is very persistent on getting it removed. â€Å"But seeing her otherwise so perfect, he found this one defect grow more and more intolerable with every moment of their united lives† (Hawthorne 607). The birthmark on Georgiana symbolizes her humanity. Although she appears to be entirely â€Å"perfect† this mark reminds her and the people who surround her that she is still only human. The birthmark â€Å"was the fatal flaw of humanity which Nature, in one shape or another, stamps ineffaceably on all her productions†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hawthorne 607). Aylmer fails to completely grasp the notion that imperfection is a part of the â€Å"huma n package†, if you will; and that nothing, not even the greatest science can ever change that. The story tells the reader that Georgiana’s birthmark is â€Å"deeply interwoven† (606). This is very important because symbolically it is saying how the birthmark is such a deep and essential part of her being that only aShow MoreRelated Nathaniel Hawthorne: No Ordinary Author Essay3147 Words   |  13 Pagesin little to no variation.   One author, though born into the era of Romanticism dared to expand the possibilities nineteenth - century literature had to offer.   Through works such as Young Goodman Brown, The Ministers Black Veil, and The Birthmark, Nathaniel Hawthorne incorporated Romanticism into his own style.   Including ordinary men, such as Mr. Hooper, Goodman Brown, and Aylmer helped to classify Hawthorne as a semi-Romantic author.   Other Romantic characteristics were found in his

Operations Management - 1378 Words

Problem 1. Sampling 4 pieces of precision-cut wire (to be used in computer assembly) every hour for the past 24 hours has produced the following results: |Hour |Average (inches)|R (inches) |Hour |Average[pic] |R (inches) | | | | | |(inches) | | |1 |3.25 |0.71 |13 |3.11 |0.85 | |2 |3.10 |1.18 |14 |2.83 |1.31 | |3 |3.22 |1.43 |15 |3.12 |1.06 | |4 |3.39 |1.26 |16†¦show more content†¦UCL/LCL = c+/- z*kwadraat(c) = 6+/- 3*2.45 = 13.3, -1.3 Is the process mean in control, according to the control limits? JA Why/Why not? Omdat alle weken in de interval vallen van 0.13 Assume now that the historical complaint rate has been 4 calls a week. What would the 3-sigma control limits for this process be now? Is the process in control, according to the control limits? Nee In plaats van 36/6 = 6, gebruiken we C = 4 UCL/LCL – 4 +/- 3* Kwadraat (4) = 4 +/- 3*2 = 10, -2 UCL = 10,LCL = 0 Week 4 (11 keer gebeld) Problem 5. Blackburn, Inc., an equipment manufacturer in Nashville, has submitted a sample cutoff valve to improve your manufacturing process. Your process engineering department has conducted experiments and found that the valve has a mean (() of 8.00 and a standard deviation (() of 0.04. Your desired performance is defined by the specification limits (7.865, 8.135). What is the Cpk of the Blackburn valve? [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] Dit proces verloopt goed. Het bevind zich binnen de gestelde limieten en de veranderingen zijn gering waarbij het bijna altijd aan de vraag van de klant voldoet. Problem 6. A process filling small bottles with baby formula has a target of 3 ounces plus or minus 0.150 ounces. 200 bottles from the process were sampled. The results showed the average amount of formula placed in the bottles was 3.042 ounces. 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In this way, it is that part of an association, which is worried with the changeRead MoreOperation Management2751 Words   |  12 PagesTABLE OF CONTENTS 1. OPERATION MANAGEMENT 3 1.1. DEFINITION OF OPERATION MANAGEMENT 3 1.2. THE ROLE OF OPERATION MANAGER 3 1.3. RELATIONSHIP OF OPERATION MANAGEMENT WITH OTHER CORE FUNCTIONS 3 2. CASE STUDIES 3 2.1. HEATHROW INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT 3 2.2. NESTLÉ UK CHOCOLATE FACTORY 3 3. MAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS OF THE STUDY 3 4. CONCLUSIONS 3 REFERENCES 3 1. Operation Management For the success of an organization, the management crew plays a major role. An organizational structure is based on differentRead MoreOperations Management986 Words   |  4 PagesOPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Select two organisations that you are familiar with – one with a service output and one with a product output, and compare and contrast these organisations with respect to the following aspects: 1.1 The process of transformation of inputs to outputs 1.2 Process and Capacity design 1.3 Supply Chain management 1.4 Scheduling Operations Management refers to the management of the production system that transforms inputs into finished goods and services, (http://csuponomaRead MoreOperations Management Chapter 18 Manual1950 Words   |  8 PagesChApter 18 Management of Waiting Lines Teaching Notes Some of the math and calculations can be left out in order to focus more clearly on the concepts of waiting lines. For example, all infinite source problems, including single channel (except constant service time) can be handled using the infinite source queuing table. In the past, queuing presented students with a good bit of computational requirements, and because of that, students frequently lost sight of the underlying concepts. WithRead MoreOperation Management2436 Words   |  10 PagesOPERATION MANAGEMENT IS IMPORTANT TO ALL BUSINESS To be able produce specialized managers capable of fulfilling strategic tasks within business and government enterprises the need for the practice of operations management cannot be forgone. Operations management is very significant in business operations since it forms the heart of the organisation by controlling the system of operation. Operations management deals with the design, operation, and enhancement of the systems that generate and deliverRead MoreOperations Management1791 Words   |  8 PagesQUESTION 1 Operations management must be managed properly in order to improve an organization’s productivity and profitability. In the Cadbury World case, several micro and macro processes are involved and those processes bring some impacts to Cadbury World. Thus, Cadbury World must possess a sustainable micro and macro processes to achieve the best outcome and performance. Micro processes that involved are easily to manage compared to macro processes because macro processes are hard to manage

cap punishment Essay Example For Students

cap punishment Essay This paper will fallow the process of a capital trial from arrest to execution. It will discuss the aspects of federal and state law, trial, appeal, and executions. It will go into further detail on arraignment and the trail details of defense and sentencing. The federal law on capital punishment begins with the constitution, which states in the eighth amendment of the bill of rights that, no person shall be subject to cruel or unusual punishment. Despite this and for the reason that it is the government that decides what is cruel and unusual, capital punishment is still federally legal. Under the United States code, title eighteen there are certain crimes that can be punished by death. Section thirty-four of the said title and code says that any crime that results in the death of any person can be punished by death. Section 1512 deals with witnesses, victims, or informants. It states that anyone who kills or attempts to kill another person with the intent to prevent the attendance o r testimony at trail may be punished by death. Section 2332 states that whoever kills a national of the United States while the national is outside the United States is subject to death if the killing is murder as it is defined. Section 36 states that participants in any continuing criminal enterprise dealing with controlled substances may be punished by death. Section 1992 states that whoever willfully derails, disables, or wrecks any train used in interstate or foreign commerce can be punished by death. Finally section 831 states that anyone involved in prohibited transactions involving nuclear material can be subject to the death penalty. State laws in capital punishment defer from state to state and vary in a wide range of crimes for which it can be imposed. This range usually contains one or more of the fallowing, murder of a law enforcement officer, vehicular homicide while under the influence, contract killings, felony murder, first degree murder, or any murder. No matter the laws of the state are certain states have and will always use their own discretion in handing down a death sentence. This means that for whatever reason, be it social make up, religious make up, or the simple fact that a death sentence may inhibit the prosecution, in that the jury may be hesitant to take a life no matter what the crime, the death sentence is not always used in all cases that it is allowed in. Add to this the differing state laws and the same crime may draw different sentences in different states. The first step once a murder has been reported is to get a suspect. After a suspect is determined and probable cause has been established, a warrant will be issued for the individual?s arrest. Upon arrest the individual will be made clear of the crime of which he is being charged and his rights. He will then be taken into custody. Once in custody he will make an initial appearance in court, if the charges are not dropped the case will move on to a preliminary hearing. At t he preliminary if the charges are still not dropped bail or detention will be issued. Fallowing this a date will be set up for a grand jury indictment, if the prosecution successes in its indictment the individual will be arraigned. Supposing that the defendant gives a not guilty plea and the charges have not been dismissed, a trial date will be set. In the trial the defendant will be represented by a defense attorney and the people will be represented by the prosecution. Both sides will make their opening statements, will call witnesses, and will make their closing statements. In these the prosecution will state its facts and attempt to convince the jury beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant is guilty. The defense will present its defense. In a murder case the possible defenses are as fallows, mistaken identity, set up, self-defense or defense of others, defense of property, aiding a peace officer, or insanity. Since the laws concerning these defers from state to state they will be dealt with in a model form. Mistaken identity is simple. The defendant is not the killer and was identified as such by mistaken witnesses or evidence. A set up means that someone who actually committed the crime or the police or law officers conspired to make the defendant seem at fault. Self-defense is only viable if the defendant felt that he was in danger of death, serious harm, rape, or kidnaping. Even then there are other stipulations. First off there had to have been no way to retreat with complete safety and their could not be any way to stop the opposing actions by surrendering a good or restraining from any certain action(s). The only way the defendant would not have to retreat is if he was in his home or place of work, or a peace officer attempting an arrest or preventing an escape. If the defense is protecting others all the above still stands and both the defendant and the individual in danger must both believe in the danger. In defense of property there are only two times when it is valid. One If the defendant was being dispossessed of his dwelling and only immediate deadly force can prevent this, or two if a felony is being committed and there has been a threat of deadly force, or if inaction will result in serious injury to himself or others. In aiding a police officer there must be a felony arrest, intent of the arrest must be made clear, there is no risk to the innocent, the crime must involve use of deadly force and if the suspect flees he will cause death or serious harm to others. A final option for the defense is the insanity defense. Three states do not have a defense for not guilty by reason of insanity, they only have guilty by reason of insanity. Three other states have abolished their insanity tests. Two states have no test. The remaining states use the American Law Institute test, the M?Naghten rule, or both. The M?naghten rule is that: ?The party accused was laboring under such a defect of reason, from disease of the mind, a s not to know the nature and quality of the act he was doing; or if he did know it, he did not know he was doing what was wrong.? The ALI test is this: ?A person is not responsible for criminal conduct if at the time of such conduct as the result of mental disease or defect he lacks he lacks substantial capacity either to appreciate the criminality of his conduct or mold his conduct to the requirements of the law.? These conditions are almost always associated with delusional disorders such as schizophrenia. If in the course of the trial or before the deliberations have been completed the defense may initiate a plea bargain. A plea bargain is a plea of guilty in exchange for concessions in the charges or in the sentencingMany things about the way we decide punishments and actually punish offenders have changed drastically with the times. For example In Coker vs. Georgia (1977), the Court declared that the death penalty was unconstitutionally excessive for rape of a woman and, by imp lication, for any crime where a death does not occur. The majority in Coker stated that rape by definition does not include the death of or even the serious injury to another person. Now if a person commits an act of rape or sexual assault they are more likely to serve a prison sentence. There are many problems with the punishment of prisoners. Many people argue that the fiscal cost is astronomical, it has been said that it costs an average of $30,000 per year to house, feed, clothe, and supervise a prisoner. Not including the costs of construction and other factors. When you punish an offender instead of trying to rehabilitate them I believe it causes more of a problem. They argue that punishment causes social disorientation, alienation, and also increases the risk of recidivism. When an offender is released from incarceration, they face social isolation, and economic and employment challenges. What about the people who committed offense under the influence of drugs? They need rehabilitation vs. a ?pure punishment?. Drug courts could provide the offender the job skill training, family/group counseling, and many other life-skill enhancement services that they might need to be successful when integrating back into the community. Data consistently show that treatment, when completed is effective and cost effective. On the other hand deterrence is one of the primary goals in the criminal justice system. Deterrence: the act or process of deterring: as a: the inhibition of criminal behavior by fear especially of punishment. The act of punishment has always been based on the idea that it will deter individuals from committing crime or repeating criminal acts. Incarceration has been the most common form of punishment, however research shows that recidivism amongst convicted felons after the release from prison is as high as 63%. This could prove that punishment through incarceration is only a temporary fix to crime. Most rehabilitation programs are community programs that offer criminal offenders the chance to obtain a GED, learn a trade or obtain a college degree, go through counseling and find gainful employment and adequate housing. The types of counseling available often include drug counseling and psychological counseling. Drug counseling can be beneficial to criminal offenders who are addicted to drugs or alcohol. Psychological counseling can be beneficial to criminal offenders who have had troublesome pasts consisting of issues such as childhood abuse, sexual abuse and abandonment. Many rehabilitation programs will also offer programs such as anger management for criminal offenders who have committed violent acts or those who have anger issues. The main goal of rehabilitation is to improve a criminal offender?s life so that they no longer have the desire to commit criminal acts. Rehabilitation also allows criminal offenders to be on probation where they are not in need of taxpayer money to fund their living like they would be if they were in jail or prison. 1,188 people were executed in the US from 1977 through 2009, primarily by means of lethal injection. Most death penalty cases involve the execution of murderers although capital punishment. Proponents of the death penalty say it is an important tool for preserving law and order, deters crime, and costs less than life imprisonment. They argue that retribution or an eye for an eye honors the victim, helps console grieving families, and ensures that the perpetrators of heinous crimes never have an opportunity to cause future tragedy. Opponents of capital punishment say it has no deterrent effect on crime, wrongly gives governments the power to take human life, and perpetuates social injustices. They say lifetime jail sentences are a more severe and less expensive punishment than death an also be applied for treason, espionage, and other crimes. Almost 18 years ago an innocent wife and mother to two, named Sarah Bryne, received a call by her husband?s old college roommate. He explained to her that he and his wife were staying at a secluded motel near her work and were only staying for the weekend. She left work early to go and meet him and his wife. When she arrived he was alone. Once she was inside and the door closed he raped her. After raping her he stuffed her inside a small trunk, put the trun k in the back seat of his car and drove away. She made a help me sign in red lipstick and slid it through the trunk. Many motorists saw this plea and called the police. But before they could catch up he stopped on a secluded farm road, ripped her out of the trunk, strangled her with a necktie, broke her neck, and then finally finished the torture by stabbing her 14 times. He then put her mangled body back in the trunk and drove home to his wife and kids (1). There is only one offence in the state of Washington that you can receive the death penalty for and that is aggravated murder in the first degree. To receive this punishment one must plan out his act and in committing the crime commit an aggravating circumstance (3). Stabbing + raping + breaking a neck + strangulation all add up to an aggravated circumstance. It?s for people like this that we have instituted the death penalty. The death penalty is a just punishment, but like any system it does have some flaws. Although the death penalty does not work too well as a general deterrent it does work as a specific deterrent. Specific deterrent means that the penalty is keeping the offender from re-offending (2). Studies show that those who commit murder, if given the chance, re-offend. But some may wonder, isn?t life in prison keeping them from committing the crime again? The Criminal Justice Legal Foundation states that ?the leading cause of death among prison inmates is murder by other inmates. A murderer serving a life sentence has no reason at all to refrain from killing other inmates or guards, or from hiring other criminals outside of prison to kill those who helped convict them.? But on the other hand the death penalty offers the opposite effect when it comes to general deterrence. The overwhelming conclusion from years of deterrence studies is that the death penalty is, at best, no more of a deterrent than a sentence of life in prison (2). Criminologist William Bowers of Northeastern University, states t hat ?society is brutalized by the use of the death penalty, and this increases the likelihood of more murder.? (2) He later goes on to say that states in the U.S. that do not have the death penalty have drastically lower murder rates than states that do have capital punishment. The same is also true when the U.S. is compared to countries similar to it that don?t have the death penalty. The U.S., with the death penalty, has a higher murder rate than Europe and Canada, which do not use the death penalty. But the United States is not Canada or Europe, in fact Canada has one of the lowest crime rates in the world and thus their murder rates are lower. There are also studies to show that William Bowers is wrong in his statement. Isaac Ehrlich, a criminologist, did many studies which produced results showing that for every inmate who was executed, 7 lives were spared because others were deterred from committing murder and the person who committed the murder was prevented from re-committin g (2). Sentencing a convicted murder do the death penalty does save lives, but is it humane?The Webster?s dictionary states that humane is: Characterized by kindness, mercy, and or compassion. How is it kind to have someone suffocate for up to 45 minutes (hanging method)? How is it mercy to stick someone in a chamber, an invention we stole from Hitler, and instructing them to breathe deeply for a less painful death as deathly gas filters in (gas chamber method)? How are we showing compassion by shocking someone for many 30 second intervals with 500 plus volts of electricity? Capital punishment is not humane, but should it be? Why should we show a convicted aggravated murder kindness, mercy or compassion when he has neglected to show that himself?Studies have always shown that those who commit the violent act of murder were abused sexually, mentally, of physically as children. When you are abused at a young age you are taught that it is ok to be violent. Those who commit murder do no t need to be punishment so severely, but they need to be nurtured with rehabilitation. The Breakfast Club EssayOn January 31, 1988 Newt Gingrich stated that the state should use the death penalty on certain crimes such as murder and treason. Gingrich stated people much be held accountable for the crimes that commit. He stated that there were over a thousand prisoners on death row; many of them have been there since the early 1970?s because of the current criminal justice system. Death penalty is good and serves a definite purpose of reducing crime as well as bringing justice to the criminals and innocent. In order to serve its purpose, it must be adjusted and made more effective and efficient. The justice system has changed dramatically in the past thirty years in order to make sure that the rightly accused is brought to justice. I believe that death penalty should not be abolished, as it ensures the safety of the society, brings justice to those who have suffered and most importantly helps in reducing crime and criminals in our society. Death penalty is important to keep the brightness of justice and public safety shining brightly on our society. Works Cited Budau, Hugo Adam. Capital Punishment and Social Defense. Reserved reading for Philosophy 203. Bedau, Hugo Adam. The Death Penalty in America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982. Browning, Tonya. Capital Punishment: Life or Death. Computer Writing and Research Lab, University of Texas. Online. Internet. 27 April 2000. Haag, Ernest van den. On Deterrence and the Death Penalty. Reserved reading for Philosophy 203. Shapiro, Walter. What say should victims have? AskJeeves.com. Online. Internet. 29 April 2000. Slambrouck, Paul Van. US Prisons Under Pressure Show Increase in Violence. The Christian Science Monitor Online. 6 August 1998. Internet. Incapacitation. Websters New Collegiate Dictionary. 1981. Rein, Mei Ling Capital Punishment Cruel and Unusual? 2202 Edition 2002 Gale Group Inc Formington Hills, Michigan 48331-3535

To Be Or Not To Be Essays (1160 words) - Characters In Hamlet

To Be Or Not To Be " To be, or not to be ... " Prince Hamlet, Hamlet, III, i, 105 The most notable line by Hamlet in William Shakespeare's play Hamlet is " To be, or not to be, that is the question." Hamlet's statement defines the central theme of the play and provides the reader with insight into Hamlet's psychological dilemma. His self-inquiry is a projection of what will occur in the play. Again and again, Shakespeare brings us back to Hamlet's plight: can he act or is he paralyzed by cowardice? Throughout the play Hamlet is unable to come to a concrete resolution of avenging his father's death, whether to kill Claudius, and reconciling himself to his mother marrying his uncle. Hamlet's indecisive personality determines how he deals with these issues. At the very outset of the play, Barnardo sets the stage by posing the question "Who's there?" (I,i,3) Little does the reader know at this time that this question will be repeatedly asked in different forms throughout the play. Who is Hamlet? And does Hamlet really know who he is himself? Will the "real" Hamlet step forward and be a decisive and righteous avenger of his father's death or will he be a timid and irresolute fumbler unable to make up his mind about matters of life and death? Before Hamlet poses the identity-defining "To be or not to be" question, the ghost of his late father confronts him (III,i,105). His father's spirit informs Hamlet that: "The serpent that did sting thy father's life/Now wears his crown" (I, v, 35-39). Hamlet is now cognizant that his father's life was not taken by a wild beast, but by his own brother Claudius. . The strange appearance of his father's ghost should have been enough to motivate Hamlet to action. But Hamlet's indecisive nature causes him to hesitate and satisfy himself through investigation that Claudius was his father's murderer and usurper of his mother. If Hamlet had acted impulsively (as many would have done), Shakespeare would have deprived us of a psychological tragedy. But Hamlet's wrestling of his conscience provides the vehicle for establishing Claudius's guilt and allows Hamlet to resolve his internal struggles. Hamlet is so indecisive that he is not certain how to go about avenging his father's death. Hamlet must resolve this divided intentions regarding his father, uncle and mother and his intense emotional turmoil before he is able to act to avenge his father's death. One can see how incredibly weakly Hamlet behaves by measuring the time before Hamlet can establish even a plan of action. Hamlet is faithful I his pledge to his father, yet he procrastinates until, by chance a group of players come to Elsinore. Upon arrival Hamlet excitedly greets them, "Gentlemen, you are welcome to Elsinore" (II, ii, 384). Continuing to wait for the "perfect" situation confirming Claudius' guilt is another instance illustrating Hamlet's psychological timidity. Hamlet may be anticipating a moment of truth that will never happen. Although Hamlet's plan of re-enacting the death of his father is a good idea, the promise of revenge took place long after Hamlet swore his revenge against Claudius in act one. Hamlet is afraid to take his own initiative and can only act when a convenient situation is ready-made. He cannot act on his own convictions or make the decision to act or not to act on his own. As a weak personality with strong intentions, he can only act when all the circumstances are in his favor. At the core, Hamlet is indecisive and a coward unable to act in critical situations. Hamlet is presented with the opportunity to kill Claudius in the chapel, but instead decides to wait for a better time to avenge his father's death. As Hamlet dangles the sword over Claudius he muses to himself, "And am I then revenged/ To take him in the purging of his should, / When he is fit and seasoned for his passage? / No" (III, iii, 74-96). But delay and procrastination do not work to his advantage. Although Hamlet has the intention of killing Claudius at this moment, he hesitates again and gives a lengthy speech to himself. This self-analysis is inadequate. All Hamlet can do is analyze his predicament. AS much as he strongly believes that his father's death must be redressed, he cannot take definite response. If he truly had the desire and will to accomplish his objective, he would have used the opportunity to achieve this specific task. Hamlet does not create a situation in which

MLA 7 is finally here! Our new release.

MLA 7 is finally here! Our new release. MLA 7 is finally here! Our new release. – Blog We’re proud to announce that we’ve finally updated with the MLA 7th edition guidelines. It’s taken us a greater part of 6 months and we’ve added a lot of new stuff in the process. So what exactly did we update? Here’s what’s new: MLA 7 guidelines   – you may notice   lots of changes to your citations for MLA. First, titles are no longer underlined and instead are italicized. Secondly, citations now display the medium in which they originated (e.g. Print, Web).   If you omit certain pieces of information, like publisher or pages, an abbreviation will be inserted in their place (n.p., n. pag.). Although the new MLA guidelines no longer require URLs in your citations, we have not removed them from your website citations, as we understand their importance to a lot of our users. There lots of other changes, but they are too long to list here. Which leads me to our next big change†¦ Revamped Citation Guide page – you can now review specific guidelines and citing situations for each source type for each formatting style. And we give you lots of example citations to guide you. Additionally, we’ve included Turabian formatting guidelines into the Citation Guide for the first time!   This new design is much more user friendly and conducive to learning in the classroom. New form fields and citing possibilities – we’ve added a bunch of new fields to each source type to expand our citing capabilities†¦ Book – you can select whether you are citing an entire book or just a chapter, and you can now enter a specific edition of the book. Magazine – you can now cite magazines that you found from a database. Newspaper – you can enter the location of the newspaper (city/state/country), indicate if the newspaper is nationally well-known, and cite newspaper that you found from a database. Website – you can now enter a sponsor/publisher and a version number. Film – you can select whether you are citing an entire film or just a chapter/commentary, and you can now indicate whether the film is a re-release. Interview – you can now cite interviews from books, magazines, and magazines. Lecture – you can choose what type of lecture you are citing. Radio/TV – you can choose whether you are citing an episode, a series, or an individual broadcast, as well as if you are citing a transcript of the program. Encyclopedia – you can now choose whether you are citing an encyclopedia or a dictionary, as well as if you are citing a specific article or the entire reference book. You can also indicate whether the encyclopedia is well-known and if entries are alphabetically arranged. Photograph – you can now choose a file type for a self-taken digital photograph, and you can also cite photographs from books, magazines, and newspapers. Print-friendly pages – we have gotten a lot of requests to make our pages printable and in response, we’ve formatted our pages, particularly our Bibliography Maker and Citation Guide pages, to be print out well for users. Internet Explorer compatibility – we identified some visual bugs that we’re occurring in Internet Explorer and we’ve fixed a lot of those. Various bug fixes – many bugs that you emailed us about have been fixed. Website citations can now be edited properly. ISBN book searches now accept hyphens and still return the proper search results. New help topics – we’ve gotten a lot of emails and questions about certain topics and in response, we’ve added new questions to our Help FAQs page.

Strategic Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategic Project Management - Essay Example That however can hardly be the case. When we speak of projects, we are speaking of elements within a whole. These elements cannot be discrete, but have to in some way or the other complement each other for the fulfillment of the general objective of development and growth of the organization. Adopting a more holistic view, an organization is concerned with overall business development that would necessitate what has been termed as Business Management. Classical Business Management emerged at the very beginning of the 20th Century. Project Management, on the other hand, was viewed almost independent of Business Management and was expected to provide the most effective and efficient means of producing the deliverables that a project was intended for. The Classical Model of Project Management which started somewhere in the fifties and sixties of the 20th Century, was primarily conceived to plan and control the timelines and costs for large projects in the aeronautical and construction industries. This model basically defined the logical sequences of different activities involved in the project along with the time, cost and other resources that each activity would require. Thus, Business Management and Project Management were viewed as distinct disciplines, or in other words, the business and the projects were thought to be disparate entities within the same organization. However, the 1980s heralded the unprecedented development of Information and Communication Technology opening up new channels of communication and new avenues for business on a world-wide scale. Changes swept over all sectors of activities, including businesses. Globalization broke down many conventional barriers, markets were de-regulated, a new market-driven economy emerged, and business organizations began to face global competition. The shelf life of products and services began to grow shorter and shorter, some times expiring even before the products

Inherited and Environmental Influences on Development Essay

Inherited and Environmental Influences on Development - Essay Example According to the findings, Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Model (1979) explains that the behavior and development of an individual is an interplay of the individual’s biological and personality factors, his environment and the society and culture he was born into. Bronfenbrenner also claims that effects of interactions between the individual and his environment are two-directional or characterized by reciprocity. This means that while a child’s development is influenced and molded by his family, school and peers, he likewise influences and molds the behavior of others. The growing child moves through five systems that inter-relate and affect his development. The most basic of which is the microsystem, where direct contacts between the child and his immediate surroundings result in behaviors such as dependence or independence and cooperation or competition. An example of this is the home base of the child and his relationship with his family. The pure culture of the society this family lives in greatly influences how this family lives and how the child imbibes the culture as he expresses it in his developing personality. The mesosystem comprises the linkages and processes that take place between two or more settings with the child in common. A perfect example is how learning in school is supported by follow up lessons in the home. The third level comprising linkages and processes taking place between two or more settings is the exosystem. This includes at least one setting that does not directly involve the child but still influences the processes within the immediate setting of the child. An example is the parent’s occupation. The workplace of this parent does not contain the child, but processes at work may affect his development such as the hours spent there by the parent may affect the parent-child bond. The fourth system is the macrosystem which includes the customs, values, and laws considered important in the child’s culture and u pbringing. A child from another culture may celebrate special customs and traditions from his culture apart from the special occasions celebrated in his host country. Lastly, the chronosystem in Bronfenbrenner's Ecological model refers to the time that transpires as the child relates in his various environments. An example is a change that happens to the child while he grows up moving from one system to another, like the westernization of the values of a child originally from an Asian culture. This ecological model implies that the interplay and quality of the various systems and environments of the child will play different roles in influencing his development. Likewise, whatever comes out of that development will affect the various environments the child belongs to. For instance, the free expression of his culture may lead to environments being more accepting of it.

US Foreign Policy with Russia Essay Example for Free

US Foreign Policy with Russia Essay If the United States needed to get rid of Russia form inside out then it could have come up with a more strategic policy than the so called â€Å"strategic relationship/partnership† From several aggressive foreign policies to miss leaded advice and undemocratic pressure pending, the US government has brought in some fraction of the so called â€Å"cold war†. Restraint remains fundamental to the United States policy with Russia. For instance on the foreign policy with Russia, restraint Lite is comprised of three major efforts to cut off Russia from Europe, from it neighboring countries and most fundamental from the international community at large (MacLean, G. A. 2006). The geopolitical pluralism policy which came in with the Clinton’s administration was meant to reinforce Russia’s key neighbors i. e. Kazakhstan and Ukraine has lead to the loosening of the confederation of the post-Soviet states. So as to deepen the split which separates Russia from the rest of Europe and to enhance the creation of a new steel curtain down in the midst of Eurasia, the US is pushing ahead wildly the expansion of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) by not consulting Russia in several foreign policies e. g. the bombing of Iraq and the similar policy on Yugoslavia. Washington has tried to maneuver Moscow to a diplomatic backdrop through which it can only have a small influence globally. Part of the so called â€Å"soft† containment policy of United States is meant to get rid of Russia’s last state of superpower status and its nuclear weapon store without giving enough funding for mothballing the arms and also without matching the US stock supplies. By implementing the missile shield defense system, the US has jeopardize several arm treaties through opposing major sales of the Russian’s military technology, by arguing that the sale of these arms may lead to proliferation of arms while the US itself continues selling these arms thus applying double standards. Through a largest increase in the military budget since the ending of the cold war, the Clinton’s government started 1999 with a clear indication that Russians decline will have very little effects to the pentagon. While implementing Russian’s initial market reforms, Yeltsin foresaw that good times were coming, that was back in 1992. These good times that Yeltsin foresaw retreated more and more into the distance (mostly after the catastrophe of the August 1998 when the fragments went to free drop which led to Moscow defaulting on its capital debts (MacLean, G. A. 2006). Today, Russia’s GDP is half what it used to be a decade ago. The economy is suffocating with $150 billion in overseas debt. Employees are paid in-kind if they are paid at all, The degree of Poverty is rampant, Life expectancy is worsening, the population is diminishing, and Russia is sinking to a third world class (Hearst, D. 2008). Economic change in Russia has not only been unsuccessful, it has been extremely undemocratic. By collaborating almost entirely with Boris Yeltsin and his hand-picked strategists and circumventing Russia’s generally elected administration, the Duma the Clinton government placed expediency, transparency, over accountability and the checks and balances of a real democratic system. International community invested billions of dollars into Russia, funds that didn’t filter down but was instead sidetracked into the pockets of a few selected people. Under its cold war restraint policy, the United States relied on hostile rhetoric and military power to confront the influential Soviet Union. By dissimilarity, today’s restraint Lite takes advantage of Russia’s military and economic weakness, at first glimpse, has depended more on carrots than sticks. In actuality, however, the United States has wielded these carrots to a great extent like cudgels. Washington’s investments and aid expert advice, and high-profile seminars are designed to decrease the diplomatic and military reach of its former superpower opponent and to remake the Russian wealth in the neoliberal image in spite of of the social costs. prod by these carrots, Russia is stirring towards a path that has led to fiscal chaos and escalating hatred. The Clinton government was acutely aware of the danger of a Russian implosion. Yet the government came up with policies that are relentlessly leading to the realization of its own most horrible fears. The Roots of U. S. Policies In the 20th century, U. S. policy with Russia fluctuated between hostile confrontation and concise attempts at detente. During these particular eras, Reagan and Truman were twisted on containing Russia and, if possible, undulating its influence in the third world countries and Eastern Europe. President Nixon, without compromising his anticommunism, was able to ease the tension West and East in the 1970s with a combination of arms control procedures and modest openings in the East for Western trade. During the cold war period, confrontation and engagement frequently followed one another with little inhalation room, as in Kennedy’s near-apocalyptic face-off with Khrushchev over Cuba in 1962 which was followed by the negotiation of the first main arms control accord with the Soviet Union in 1963. Whether in altercation or detente mode, whichever, successive U. S. government sought (often unsuccessfully) to limit Soviet power in the world and blunt the impact of socialism/communism. Starting in 1985, when the Russia started a complex dance of reforms and decline, the Bush and Reagan governments did a little to encourage the former and much to make haste the latter. Washington gradually came around to supporting perestroika and glasnost rhetorically. But during this time, the U. S. largely suspended economic support for perestroika while at the same time continuing to maintain high levels of armed forces spending and provoking rhetoric. From the year 1989-1991(the Soviet’s terminal stage) Washington switched to break control mode in order to pressure the Soviet Union to support German, protect the newly independent states of Eastern Europe, unification, and prevent a clash from flaring up due to the secession of the Baltic States ( MacLean, G. A. 2006). In the year 1992, after the official crumple of the Soviet Union, the new Russian President Boris Yeltsin brought in a honeymoon time with the United States. Yeltsin and those in support of Western foreign minister, Andrei Kozyrev, went on to follow the U. S. economic reform, lead on arms control and universal politics. The other presidents of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) such as Georgia’s Eduard Shevardnadze, Ukraine’s Leonid Kravchuk, and Kazakhstan’s Nursultan Nazarbaev—also followed suit, each contending for the favors and affections of the United States. In return, the U. S. promised to assist Russia and the other CIS states integrate into the international economy and later, through the joint venture for Peace, into European security status. The honeymoon period did not take long. Russia never acknowledged the Marshall Plan it had anticipated for. Nor did the U. S. administration make room at the world’s platform for the new Russian body. This resulted to the pro-Western division in the Russian foreign policy founding, lost influence and Russian national attention became the new organizing principle for the Yeltsin team. The devastating 1994 invasion of Chechnya, the refusal to sanction the latest strategic arms reduction agreement, and the enriching of relations with, Iran, Iraq and Serbia signified a change in Russian policy. For its part, the US government maintained support for Yeltsin personally, but slowly withdrew from close bilateral associations. Washington strengthened dealings with the other CIS nations to balance Russian power in the region and to cover its bets. As Sergei Rogov, who was the head of Moscow’s, Canada and U. S Institute, remarked that the U. S. administration’s rhetoric toward Russia has changed from intentional partnership to pragmatic partnership to rational partnership to just plain pragmatism aimed at minimizing the impact of Russia’s economic and military fallout on the world at large. The relationship is gone, and the change in rhetoric is reflected very concretely in a range of issues from security aspects to economics and to politics. There was a time when Russia was the worry of U. S. foreign policy intelligence agencies and analysts. Since the 1950s, the Soviet Union underwrote ant colonial revolts all over the third world and provided essential aid to countries such as Cuba, Angola, Syria and India. Today, Russia’s magnitude has dwindled significantly. It no longer plays a role in the third world countries. It has little influence in Eastern Europe. Closer to home, it has kept certain ambitions such as maintaining the integrity of its own region and to keep its influence in its neighboring countries such as, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova and Georgia. Russia’s ambitions outstrip its ability, as seen in the losses in Chechnya and peacekeeping downfall in the neighboring countries. Sources have reveled that the Russian armed forces is in dire state the number of its soldiers has reduced by a quarter in 1998, its weapons systems are in a worsening condition, and few finances available to acquire new weapons. Research reveal that it was estimated that by the year 2005 only 5-7% of equipments used by Russians armed forces will be new and the US State Departments admit that the Russian military combat promptness is in bad shape. The drive of the army is even worse now than at the era of the Chechen campaign. As for Russia’s capability to project force past its borders, little Estonia in recent times declared that its Russian neighbor was no longer a military risk Even its nuclear weapon store, the single card that maintain Russia in the game, is weakening rapidly. The U. S. mainly through NATO expansion is making gains of this weakness. NATO was intended to deter the expansion of Soviet into Europe. The Soviet Union is no longer there, and Russia badly wants to join Europe and not invade it. Up till now even without an enemy in prospect, NATO is heading right up to Russia’s door. In April 1999, Czech Republic, Poland, and Hungary joined NATO and became NATO’s first new members ever since Spain in 1982. There are fifteen countries which now belong to the Partnership for Peace program, which is a halfway entry house for NATO aspirants who need help in modernizing their armed forces. Almost every country in the former Soviet Union bloc supports the expansion of NATO, partially because of NATO’s own hard line public relations campaign and partially as an initial step toward joining the EU (European Union). Throughout the ups and downs of Russian U. S. associations in the 1990s, Russia has measured NATO expansion as a purposeful provocation, particularly when extension has potentially included the Baltic States and the Ukraine. The responses that the U. S. gave Russia were of two initiatives. First, it extended relationship to Russia in the PFP program. Then, promising a unique relationship, NATO concluded an agreement with Moscow in May 1997 that recognized various mechanisms of talks. The agreement doesn’t give either party the right to sanction the actions of the other. But via the Permanent Joint Council, the two sides at least meet often. Another task to the future and current reductions in strategic arms is the US government’s desire to modify or even scuttle the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) accord in order to give way to a new national missile security system. The US administration favors adjustment, but opponents such as influential US Senators have called for scrapping the accord. The Pentagon apparently offered Moscow a worrying quid pro quo on the ABM treaty: if the Russians look the other way as the U. S. develops a missile defense shield system, then Washington will permit Russia to deploy new deliberate missiles with three warheads. While at peace with each other, the two countries are ironically moving away from the control of arms and toward arms expansion. In the meantime, the lion’s share of the U. S. support to Russia is aimed towards the control and dismantling of its arms, much of it via the Cooperative Threat Reduction program. This means that a cash-strapped Russia must pay for its own humbling, and the disarmament process is regrettably slowed (Hearst, D. 2008). References Gorodetsky, G. (2003). Russia Between East and West. Moscow: Routledge. Hearst, D. (2008). US foreign policy on Russia has vacillated wildly, from indulgence to overt aggression. Will Obama get Russia right? Gurdian , 26-33. International, C. E. (2000).U. S. -Russian Relations at the Turn of the Century. Moscow: Carnegie Endowment. MacLean, G. A. (2006). Clintons Foreign Policy in Russia. Florida: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Marsden, L. (2005). Lessons from Russia. Michigan: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Russia and U. S. Foreign Policy, Available from http://tcarter. blogspot. com/2004/12/russia-and-us-foreign-policy. html (Retrieved 26th November 26, 2008) US Foreign Policy with Russia, Available from http://www. fpif. org/papers/russia/index. html (Retrieved 26th November 26, 2008)

Contemporary Issues in Cognitive Developmental Psychology :: Papers

Contemporary Issues in Cognitive Developmental Psychology The stage in which a child learns is very important in psychology. Piaget, Vygotsky, and Bruner are the most popular psychologists who have contributed to developmental learning. The issue still among psychologists today is the debate on teaching, and how children should be taught. There is the, "talk and chalk" method where the teacher teaches the whole class interactively and the children can participate when asked to. Piaget believed in student centred learning and not group learning. The advantage of this method of teaching is that they are all going up a level at the same time; there might be a few that fail to follow but the teacher can push them. Children can also start to interact with each other and get to know other people in their classroom. This could also reduce prejudice at a young age. If they work as a group they also learn as a group, but the downside of this is they may lose their sense of individuality. And as a group they may feel as, "one." If they were to do a practical there would be one child who would be the leader, which would not benefit to the other children. The other method of teaching is the individual/ group method. This is where Piaget's individual learning programme enters. Vygotsky's spiral curriculum would be useful in this method since it opens complex ideas so that they can be presented at simplified levels. Each student should find their zone of actual development and then the teacher should be the outer circle so they can go to their zone of proximal development. The disadvantage of this is the cost of student centred learning. At the moment we have whole class teaching and there are the ups and downs of that but if the individual learning took place it will improve due to the individuals needs being noticed and processed. Individual learning can also be structured by scaffolding so the child's attempt to understand new ideas will be done with even more

Paper vs Plastic, Which Is Better

Thousands and thousands of people are shopping in grocery stores each day using either plastic or paper bags. They think of it as something that just holds their items. What they don’t know is how much it harms our environment. So the question is which is better? â€Å"3. 14 billion Plastic shopping bags and 53 million Kraft paper bags are produced annually to satisfy the national market, consuming 28. 5 million kilograms of plastic and 4. 8 million kilograms of paper†( Goldbeck 333). A man named Shropshire in Annapolis had a campaign to get rid of plastic bags and is referred to as the â€Å"the bag man. â€Å"12 million barrels of oil are needed to produce 100 billion plastic bags used in the United States each year,† He said. According to the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency only 5% of those bags are being recycled and the rest are thrown into landfills. He also says that plastic bags from Annapolis land in Chesapeake Bay and marine animals swallow them, mistaking them for jelly fish. â€Å"Estimates prepared by the New York City Department of Sanitation suggest that if each New Yorker would use one less grocery sack per week, the city’s garbage could be reduced by 2500 tons every year, saving 250,000 taxpayer dollars â€Å"(Goldbeck 333). Some officials say. that producing the bags takes too much energy and they create environmental hazards. The only problem is that plastic is cheaper and create less landfill waste than paper bags. Plastic bags are made with polyethylene. 80% of polyethylene is made from natural gas; a non-renewable resource. According to the Boustead Consulting Association polyethylene uses less water, oil and energy. Plastic bags use 40% less energy than paper and plastic sacks. The alliance says, they generate 80% less solid waste. Donna Dempsey of the Progressive Bag Alliance, a group representing plastic bag manufacturers, says that an alternative to plastic bags like paper wouldn’t actually be greener. She also says that paper bags use up more fossil fuels in their lifecycle than plastic. Paper bags are made from a lot of trees. Paper grocery bags, are an American innovation and were designed in 1883. It’s also made from a Kraft (German: means course and strength) paper. According to the American Forest and Paper Association, paper collection is easily and readily available in most parts of the country. But like plastic, paper uses natural resources and creates pollution. The manufacturing of one paper bag uses 1 whole gallon of water! Trees have to dry for 3 whole years before making it into paper. Then it’s cooked under heat and pressure†¦Etc. So paper also use up resources. When paper is thrown away it’s either recycled or thrown in a landfill. Both paper and plastic bags can pollute and effect the environment. So it’s hard to say which is better to use. I f we want an option better for the environment its better to use neither of them. The best option there is out there is reusable bags.